The school is held every afternoon from 3 pm to 5 pm in the first-floor home of a midwife, who has an undergraduate degree in education. A fridge with fruit magnets has been pushed aside to make space for the girls, who sit hunched on a carpet. A drum helps prop up the whiteboard. They learn to read and write Dari (in Persian script) and memorise multiplication tables.<\/p>\n
\u201cWhen we first started, there were a few girls, but the word spread and it looks like I will soon have 40 girls and women here. I might need to start another class,\u201d says the teacher, who worked at the UN as a community outreach person but found herself without a job after the Taliban took over in 1996.<\/p>\n
Women and girls were among the first sections of the Afghan population to be directly impacted as the Taliban returned to rule the country on August 15 last year.<\/p>\n
In a report in June this year, the UN documented a series of restrictions on Afghan women since last year that have curtailed their freedoms and rights. After the formation of an all-male cabinet, the first ominous signal came when the Ministry of Women\u2019s Affairs was replaced with the Ministry for Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice. Since then, a number of edicts have followed \u2014 prescribing dress codes for women in public and for women television journalists, and rules on the mobility of women. It is now compulsory for a woman to be accompanied by a mahram \u2014 a male family member \u2014 when travelling beyond a radius of 78 km.<\/p>\n
Working women, including those in the government, have been asked not to come to work. Many have lost their jobs, some are allowed back on one day of the month, and some once a week, but only to sign the attendance register. For this, they receive a reduced salary.<\/p>\n
Only the teaching and health sectors have been spared. Women also continue to work where their presence is considered necessary by the Taliban \u2014 most noticeably, in the police and in airport security, where woman passengers need to be frisked. In workplaces where women continue to work, they have been segregated from their male colleagues.<\/p>\n In Kabul, young girls walk, books clutched tight against their black-clothed bodies, to attend private English coaching classes known as \u201ccourse\u201d. This is the only kind of education now allowed for teenage girls, other than \u201cIslami\u201d education at madrasas.<\/p>\n Sometimes women can be spotted walking in a park in the morning, in groups of three or four, covered head to toe in black. Some parks have designated days for men and women, and some, like the famous Bagh-e-Babur, have separate gendered sections.<\/p>\n While a large number of women have been rendered invisible already, the silver lining is that they have refused to disappear fully from public spaces. They cover themselves in the prescribed dress code, and try and continue their lives as best as they can.<\/p>\n A woman waits for a friend by the roadside, looking anxiously into her phone. In less affluent areas, women are out shopping for vegetables and fruits at roadside markets. And the number of women begging on the streets, children in tow, has gone up so much that the Taliban have announced they are going to round them up.<\/p>\n On a Friday, the weekly holiday, a group of women, all from one family, along with their children \u2014 all of them girls \u2014 sit around a long table in a restaurant. The introductions that go around the table offer a brief glimpse into how the lives of middle-class, educated Afghan women have been affected by a year of Taliban rule.<\/p>\n \u201cWe have come out like this after a long time\u2026 nearly six months. It has been a depressing time for everyone, especially the girls. They can\u2019t go to school anymore,\u201d says Nadia Shokuri, a doctor working with an international NGO that has projects in Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia, Ghazni and Kunar provinces of Afghanistan.<\/p>\n \u201cI have to travel to supervise field work. I am really happy with the work I do, but now the problem is, we cannot go to far-off places without a mahram. I take my husband. But he does not like to come with me all the time because he has his own job. That is why now I go only once every two or three months,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n The mahram rule has seen many international organisations and their local partners, which have tried to retain most of their women employees, hiring married couples.<\/p>\n Ismatullah Kohistani has been working in the government department of museums since 2003, and is posted at the National Museum of Afghanistan. \u201cI still work there, but only in name. They have asked us not to come. Once a week, I go and sign the register and I get my salary,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n Marwa Kohistani used to work in a court. \u201cAfter the Taliban came, they fired all women. I have specialised in Shariat law, I studied it as part of my LLB course. Right now, I\u2019m not working and mentally, that doesn\u2019t feel good,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n Maliha Kohistani is a teacher in a girls\u2019 school, which does not have classes any more for Grades 7 to 12. She teaches classes 1 to 3. \u201cOur problems are too many,\u201d she says, adding that the security situation in Kabul has, however, improved. \u201cEarlier, we wouldn\u2019t have been sure about stepping out like this.\u201d Others around the table disagree loudly and arguments break out.<\/p>\n The three teenage girls at the table now no longer go to school. One wanted to become a doctor, another a clothes designer, the third a businesswoman. They believe they can pursue their dreams only if they go abroad.<\/p>\n Everywhere in Kabul, the sense of siege is palpable. Nearly everyone is waiting to leave for any country that will take them. Many educated Afghans have already left. With several embassies yet to reopen after shutting down last year, thousands have left for Pakistan to apply for visas from there. India recently opened its embassy in Kabul, but is not issuing visas.<\/p>\n Women living outside Kabul have it much tougher. A 19-year-old from a provincial capital relates her experience of being hauled off to a police station for being out with her 18-year-old nephew, her elder sister\u2019s son. \u201cIt was the worst thing that ever happened to me,\u201d says the girl, who is now in Kabul, waiting for a visa to a Central Asian country.<\/p>\n The girl recalls how she and her nephew were questioned separately to see if the names of their family members matched, but were still disbelieved. The Taliban at the station wanted the girl\u2019s father, who lives in another province, to show up, but eventually agreed to meet the boy\u2019s mother, who vouched that the girl was her sister. But even she needed a male witness to corroborate her statement.<\/p>\n \u201cAt the police station, the Taliban were calling me all sorts of names. When I started explaining, they ordered me not to speak. They said hearing my voice was haram for them. They told me not to look at them but they were staring at me like hungry lions. My hands were trembling, but I did not cry because that is what they wanted to see, a weak woman. My parents have taught me to be strong,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n Abdul Qahar Balkhi, the suave English-speaking spokesperson at the Foreign Ministry of the de facto Taliban government, dismissed international concerns over women\u2019s education and their near-banishment from national life as \u201cincorrect\u201d and \u201csimply not true\u201d.<\/p>\n He reels off numbers \u2014 120,000 women work in the civil service, 96,000 of them in the education sector alone. \u201cAll of them have returned to work. All of them are going to their jobs daily, providing education to students,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n The health sector has 14,000 women and they, too, have returned to work, he claims. Same with those employed to handle security assignments.<\/p>\n \u201cThey are working in passport offices and immigration and a lot of other areas. A very small number of women have not returned to work. However, they haven\u2019t been fired, they are getting their salaries. Yes, the salaries are reduced, but that is for everyone. The budget of Afghanistan is such that we cannot pay the large salaries that were paid before we came to power. In the private sector, women are in business, they are shop owners. The government reopened the Women\u2019s Chamber of Commerce in Kabul, Mazar-e-Sharif and Herat. They are working with NGOs, they are working in banks, and in other areas of the private sector,\u201d he claims. \u201cSo this idea that women are not allowed to contribute is simply not true.\u201d<\/p>\n Girls have access to secondary education in more than a dozen provinces, he claims, adding that in Kabul and other provinces, there is a \u201ctemporary suspension\u201d.<\/p>\n \u201cIt is the only country in the world that has gone through 43 years of unremitting and incessant violence and conflict and occupation. There are cultural and budgetary constraints, then there is a lack of resources, infrastructure, teachers, books. But the government is working extremely hard to try to address this problem,\u201d says Balkhi. \u201cOur policy is education for all Afghan citizens, irrespective of gender.\u201d<\/p>\n If the international community \u201cgenuinely\u201d wants to help Afghanistan, says Balkhi, it should \u201cnot weaponise this issue, and can very easily assist Afghanistan in those areas that are open for them to assist\u201d. Then, as the government continues to work to address the remaining problems (in education), \u201chelp it, instead of trying to find moral justifications for some of the very inhumane actions that they are taking, such as the sanctions on Afghanistan, freezing of assets, and the blacklist. So there\u2019s work to be done by both sides\u201d.<\/p>\n Dismissing the suggestion that the Taliban were insecure about empowered, educated women who might challenge their interpretation of Islam, Balkhi says, \u201cThe women of Afghanistan are Muslim, they don\u2019t challenge our beliefs. Human societies are such that people have different views on different laws. But at the end of the day, it\u2019s the government that enacts those laws.<\/p>\n Devastated by decades of war, school and college education in Afghanistan, particularly that of girls, was in critical condition even before the Taliban took over last year. Between 2002 and 2020, the country made small strides in education, but the effort was stymied by the war between foreign forces and the Taliban.<\/p>\n In a report earlier this month, UNICEF said even before the Taliban takeover last year, 4.2 million Afghan children were out of school, of whom 60 per cent were girls. Only 4.2 per cent of girls are in tertiary education, compared to over 14 per cent for boys. In a report in June, the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan warned that unless the Taliban allowed girls access to secondary education over the next two or three months, an entire generation of girls was at risk of not being able to complete their full 12 years of basic education.<\/p>\n Asked if as a Pashtun, he supported the Taliban (they are mainly Pashtun), a taxi driver with nine children \u2014 five girls and four boys \u2014 said, \u201cWhat have they done for me that I should support them? Let them first allow girls to go back to school, then I will be the first to come out on their side.\u201d<\/p>\n Buy Now<\/span> | Our best subscription plan now has a special price<\/strong><\/p>\n A woman activist is scathing about the \u201cGreat Game\u201d that the US played on the people of her country. \u201cAmerica does not want peace in Afghanistan, that is why they handed over the country to the worst people. Violence allows them to keep control over Afghanistan,\u201d she says. \u201cAfghanistan is in such a place that everyone wants a piece of it. Unfortunately, the Afghan people are the most affected. Each time they pick themselves up and start anew, only to be hit again.\u201d<\/p>\n In another underground school in a Kabul neighbourhood that has experienced many bombings, a 16-year-old girl, who was in Class 11 when the Taliban took over, says she has given up her dreams of becoming a doctor; she now teaches English to girls in her neighbourhood. Several of her students are in classes 1 to 6, and they come to learn from her after school hours. The girl shows the school uniform she had worn until last year \u2014 black tunic and trousers, with a white scarf.<\/p>\n One of her students would have been in Class 8 this year. \u201cWe were so happy to go to school when it opened on March 23 (the school academic year is from March to January). But when I reached, the school head told us to go home. One of my friends even said she was ready to come to school in a burqa, some were crying,\u201d the girl says. \u201cMy biggest fear that day was that I would become illiterate. I want to be a nurse when I grow up, and that cannot happen until I can study and go to college and university.\u201d<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2022\/08\/KABULCOVERPICN3.jpg?resize=600,334\")
At an underground class in Kabul, among the many that have come up since the Taliban banned girls higher than Class 6 from school. (Express Photo by Nirupama Subramanian)<\/span><\/p>\n